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Fnideq
Thousands of Moroccans who once crossed into
Spanish enclaves on the North African coast to work every day are
struggling after six months of border closures due to coronavirus
restrictions.
"Everything is at a standstill," said
43-year-old Mohamed Bouhlal, who worries how to pay his rent. He fears
he and his family will be thrown out of their home.
The frontiers of the two Spanish enclaves of
Ceuta and Melilla, which have the only land borders between the European
Union and Africa, have been shut since March in a bid to forestall the
spread of the novel coronavirus.
But the pandemic restrictions have created problems.
"If the border does not reopen, I will have no
other choice but to beg," said domestic worker Fadwa, who worked for
the past 18 years in Ceuta, less than 10 kilometres (six miles) from her
home in Morocco.
While the border post is deserted, police keep a close eye on frontier.
Barbed wire fences
The enclaves are surround by high barbed wire
fences, erected in a bid to stop the large numbers of African migrants
who seek to cross and enter the EU by land.
Fnideq, a small shopping town just across the border in Morocco, is usually crowded at this time of year. Now it is quiet.
More than 8,000 people – including restaurant
staff and business traders, housekeepers and those working in tourism –
have lost their jobs in the two enclaves, unions say.
Some 3,600 have been made unemployed in Ceuta,
situated just across the Strait of Gibraltar from mainland Spain, and
5,000 have lost their work in Melilla, further east along the African
coast, they say.
Chakib Merouane, the general secretary of Moroccan workers in Ceuta, said the situation is serious.
Some of those unable to cross the border have been dismissed, Merouane said.
Challenges
But while those who opted to stay on the Spanish side kept their jobs, they have since faced other challenges.
They range from "divorce or depression, because they chose to be stranded from their relatives to keep their jobs", he said.
Usually, crossing the border is simple. An agreement between Morocco and Spain exempts cross-border workers from needing a visa.
Fattouma Chairi, 73, has been commuting across the border for half a century.
"Since March, I have not received a salary. I am stuck at home," she said.
It is compounding wider economic misery for Morocco.
Official figures predict the pandemic could
push the country into its worst recession since 1996, with a contraction
of more than five percent of its GDP.
Poverty rising
The effects of the pandemic – combined with
low agricultural yields – are pushing a million more people deeper into
poverty, in a country with a population of 35 million.
While nearly six million families needing help
after losing their incomes received state aid for three months, nothing
has been done for the Moroccans who lost work due to the closure of the
borders with Spain, residents say.
"I did not receive any help. I had to borrow money for six months to survive," said Merouane.
"But this is no longer possible, and I risk finding myself on the street."
The 49-year-old trade unionist has worked for 20 years in a restaurant in Ceuta.
As restrictions in Morocco ease and workers resume their jobs, those employed across the border are stuck.
"Everyone is going back to work, so why not
us?" said Fadwa, whose income supported six members of her family,
including her unemployed husband.
"The authorities are crueler than the pandemic."
The government insists they had made efforts to stem the spread of coronavirus their top priority.
Morocco has confirmed over 65,450 cases of novel coronavirus, including 1,216 deaths.
Like all governments, the authorities have to weigh lockdown measures against the need to keep the economy alive.
Smuggled goods
But the border closures compounded an existing
economic crisis, after the authorities clamped down on traders who
smuggled goods between Morocco and Ceuta.
The government had promised to build a
commercial zone to help ease the fallout from the loss of the once
lucrative trade, but that work is at a standstill.
No date has been set for the reopening of the borders.
But Moroccans are desperate for the border to open and to get back to their old jobs.
One worker said she was "seriously considering swimming" from Morocco to Ceuta, to slip around the fences on land.
"I no longer have a choice," said 33-year-old
Samira, who can no longer provide for her family, after losing her job
in the enclave.
Still get through
While the frontier is blocked, people still get through.
Last month, Spanish security forces stopped
300 migrants trying to scale the fences into Melilla, with one person
dying when he fell from the fence, and several others injured.
On Thursday, the Council of Europe called on
Spain to improve conditions for migrants, including some 500 people
crammed into an "overcrowded" bullring arena being used as a shelter in
Melilla.
Spain responded by saying it faced a "constant
pressure of irregular migration" but that it sought to "guarantee
maximum quality" in the conditions for migrants.
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