In this analysis, James Emejo
explores the benefits of the Factoring Assignments (Establishment)
Bill, which is being promoted by the Nigerian Export-Import Bank
(NEXIM), to provide better financing alternative for micro, small and
medium scale enterprises (MSMEs) to boost their export businesses, when
passed into law
As
the trade policy bank of the federal government, NEXIM Bank is
confident that increased access to trade finance has the potential to
significantly boost the non-oil export value chain, particularly from
production to non-oil commodities, a situation which could further act
as catalyst for the economic diversification agenda of President
Muhammadu Buhari.
However,
one of the major factors militating against the optimal performance of
the non-oil export segment had been identified as lack of access to
export finance as well as dearth of appropriate trade instruments to aid
exporters, particularly the small businesses that are critical for
employment geneation.
According
to Head, Strategic Planning, NEXIM, Mr. Tayo Omidiji, inadequate access
to export finance by the MSMEs has unfortunately allowed for a
situation, where a huge proportion of non-oil trade is done at the
informal level and are not captured by government statistics, creating
revenue leakages as a result.
Further
worried by the financial handicap of the non-oil sector, partly
occasioned by the stringent conditions set out by commercials for loan
advancement to the sector, the development finance institution has taken
the bull by the horn by resolving to promote factoring as an
innovative, alternative trade finance tool and SME development strategy.
Omidiji
said factoring refers to a complete international trade financial
package that combines export working capital financing, credit
protection, foreign accounts receivable book-keeping and collection
services.
Essentially,
the concept involves a business selling its accounts receivables to a
third party called a factor at a discount to solve an immediate cash
needs.
NEXIM
noted: “As a form of factoring, export factoring is offered under an
agreement between the factor and exporter, in which the factor purchases
the exporter’s short-term foreign accounts receivable for cash at a
discount from the face value, normally without recourse. An area that
NEXIM has become the primary financial establishment in Nigeria.”
The bill is intended to regulate factoring as an alternative source finance rather than bank loans.
Omidiji
explained that though the global factoring industry has developed over
the years as a major trade finance industry, estimated at €2.6 trillion
in global transaction in 2017, out of which Africa accounted for only
0.8 per cent, dominated mainly by South Africa, Tunisia, Morocco,
Mauritius, Egypt and Kenya.
Afriexim
Bank, one of NEXIM’s key stakeholders promoting the initiative in
Nigeria, projected that factoring volumes in Africa could rise from €24
billion in 2012 to about €200 billion by 2020 buoyed by the continent’s increasing volume of merchandise trade over the past 10 years.
Managing
Director/Chief Executive, NEXIM, Mr. Abba Bello, appealed for the
expedited passage of the Factoring Bill by the National Assembly so as
to provide better financing alternative for the cash-strapped SMEs in
the country.
The
draft bill had already passed through first and second readings in the
House of Representatives, as well as the public hearing stage and now at
the committee stage for necessary fine-tuning.
Bello
said factoring “will be one of the financing options that will mitigate
the traditional challenges of SMEs in meeting the eligibility criteria
for accessing credit from the traditional banking institutions.”
He
expressed concern over the high level of informal trade in Africa, with
informal non-oil exports recently estimated at a minimum of $12 billion
annually in Nigeria as against recorded non-oil export trade averaging
about $3 billion annually in recent times.
“While
this challenge is a reflection of the large informal economy, estimated
at 41.43 per cent of Nigeria’s GDP in 2015 by the Nigerian Bureau of
Statistics (NBS), it is also symptomatic of the dearth/poor access to
export credit, particularly among the small and medium enterprises
(SMEs), which are the principal players in cross border trade.
“Empirical
data released by the Central Bank of Nigeria indicates that less than 1
per cent of the total loans and advances disbursed annually were
allocated to the non-oil export sector over the years,” he added.
He
further explained that it was against the background of the credit
constraints to SMEs that NEXIM saw the need to partner with trade
facilitating institutions namely Afreximbank and Factor Chain
International (FCI) and other stakeholders, under the auspices of the
CBN FSS 2020, to develop and promote factoring as an alternative trade
finance instrument and an SME financial inclusion strategy.
While
expressing optimism that the bill will be quickly passed into law, he
underscored the need for continued sensitisation, constructive
engagement and capacity building to stimulate necessary investment
interests and sustain the momentum towards rapid development of
factoring in the country.
According
to him, its passage will ultimately contribute towards improving
Africa’s share in the global factoring volume and support the current
efforts to boost Intra-African Trade, while also formalising informal
trade.
He
added that there was a high degree of correlation between the global
growth in factoring volumes and the increasing preference for trading
under open accounts, which currently accounts for over 80 per cent of
international trade.
The
bank believes the bill is particularly critical in trans-border
transactions, where uncertainty and risk are especially heightened.
“International
factoring plays a catalyst role in bolstering export trade for business
by surmounting the attendant challenges confronting MSMEs such as low
credibility and increased costs of alternative forms of financing,” it
stated.
At
the public hearing, Omidiji had told the House Committee on Banking and
Currency that enacting the factoring bill will improve the legislative
infrastructure that would ease the creation, perfection and enforcement
of collateral as part of the financing provided to businesses through
factoring.
According
to him, strengthening legislation would provide the much-needed
credibility to factoring as well as bolster business assurance to
investors.
However, the Financial System Strategy 2020 further noted that though factoring might not be a panacea, it nevertheless, had
the immense potentials to unlock financing for MSMEs across the
country, adding that the lack of legal infrastructure in the country
continues to stifle growth.
“The
enactment of the factoring bill will therefore be highly commended but
also complementary to other efforts to stem the growing tide of
inequalities and financial exclusion that have inhibited the potential
of MSMEs in Nigeria,” it stated.
In
addition, the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) described
factoring as a welcome development that will expand the financial
services market currently dominated by the banking sector.
It
stated that the bill will “further promote and diversify out-sourcing
services with positive impact on the financial/banking services industry
by smoothening the financial services value chain. This will have a
salutary impact on the goals of financial system efficiency and
stability.”
Basically,
the corporation’s role in factoring becomes inevitable, where factors
get involved in financing receivables of failed banks that are under
liquidation.
Ideally,
stakeholders also canvassed for stringent punitive measures to check
any act of breach of trust particularly deliberate issuance of
fraudulent invoices in the course of factoring transactions.
The
committee chairman, Hon. Chukwudi Onyereri (PDP, Imo) however, assured
stakeholders that it would do justice to the bill by attending to all
grey areas identified in the course of the hearing.
If the piece of legislation sails through, it will no doubt be an immense game-changer for export financing in the country.
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