Sunday, December 6, 2015

Nation grapples with mental health specialists shortage

JAFFAR MJASIRI
TANZANIA has a big shortage of mental health professionals, an anomaly that leaves the sector in a dire situation. Speaking to the ‘Sunday News’ in an exclusive interview, Dr Praxeda Swai (Mental Health Specialist at Muhimbili National Hospital), said that up to the moment there are about 31 mental health specialists (psychiatrists) in the country.
“Given the country population of about 45 million, this means one psychiatrist attends to almost 1,451,613 people instead of a recommended ratio of one psychiatrist to between 7,000 and 10,000 people,” she said. She added that there is also a scarcity of other mental health professionals like clinical psychologists, social workers as well as occupational therapists.
“All these plus other deficits in mental health resources may significantly contribute to poor mental care in some areas in the country,” she said. However, the Permanent Secretary (PS) in the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Dr Donan Mmbando, said that there were many challenges which cut across the health sector, one being shortage of psychiatrists.
“We have taken drastic measures to address this shortage by increasing the number of medical intake in our local university since 2007. It is expected that our target of having 10,000 medical practitioners by 2017 shall be achieved under the Primary Health Services Development Programme,” he said.
He explained that currently under the Fifth Phase Government the ministry has been directed to build new health centres and increase the intake of medical students and create more jobs.
He said that the country was now producing 700 medical experts every year from the previous figure of 35 doctors when there was only one university offering medicine degrees in the country.
Dr Mmbando said that they were addressing this shortage of psychiatrists by encouraging students to pursue this specialization. “The incentive is to give priority to those applying for masters degrees, if they are specialising in psychiatric,” he said.
Continued from Page 1 Recently, the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare revealed that 817,532 Tanzanians were suffering from various degrees of mental illness. According to the ministry’s statistics of 2014/2015, this number accounts for two per cent of all Tanzanians.
The statistics show that there were 367,532 patients when compared to the 2013/2014 figure whereby the number of patients stood at 450,000. The ministry’s report also indicated that in 2013/14 mental health patients were made up of 332,000 women and 485,532 men.
However, Dar es Salaam Region leads on mental health cases followed by Dodoma and the least patients are found in Lindi, according to the ministry.
But Dr Swai further explained that untreated mental health conditions account for about 13 per cent of the global burden of the disease (including the disabilities and deaths that result from the illness). She added that if the illness is left untreated it can have serious impact in the life of the individual, the caregiver, family surrounding society as well as the nation.
“Absenteeism from jobs due to disability and the overall loss of productivity are the major impacts of the untreated illness. Family distress and stigma associated with the untreated symptoms of mental illness cannot be overlooked as well,” she said.
She also said that people with untreated mental illnesses stand a higher chance of suffering from other physical illnesses like diabetes, heart diseases contributing to almost 80 per cent of their deaths. She added that suicide is another cause of deaths among mentally sick people.
Studies have shown that about 90 per cent of suicides are associated with mental illnesses. “The behaviour of using narcotic drugs including marijuana (bangi), excessive use of alcohol, tobacco smoking and other drugs is higher among this population than the general population,” she explained. These patients are also more vulnerable to physical and sexual abuse than others.
“Due to the existing high stigma and discrimination towards these patients, they are less likely if not at all to receive quality health care services,” she said. On the treatment, Dr Swai said that if patients seek help early from health professionals there is a high chance of complete recovery of the symptoms and the possibility that this person will be functional in the family/society like any other person.
“People should not ignore to seek help for their mental wellbeing whenever they feel the need,” she said. Meanwhile, some families have acknowledged that many mental health patients have been suffering because of superstitious beliefs that surround the circumstances of their homes.
Amina Ali (not her real name) said that she was forced to take her son to a witch doctor just because the family was pressing that the boy was possessed with spirits.
Another patient, Said Mkuku (not his real name) who is just recovering from mental illness said that it was a blessing that some members of his family were educated. They insisted that he be taken to hospital.
“I am a living testimony of someone who would have been in shambles had it not been for God’s intervention to lead my family to take the right decision by taking me to a mental hospital,” he said.

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