A graduation ceremony at Egerton University, Njoro, in Nakuru County on June 19, 2015. PHOTO | SULEIMAN MBATIAH |
NATION MEDIA GROUP
Girls are overtaking boys in nearly every level of education, a Nation investigation shows.
This
has caused alarm among policymakers and education stakeholders on the
effects of decades-long campaigns to promote the welfare of girls.
The
findings paint a grim picture of the prospects of boys who bore the
brunt of the socio-economic factors to fare badly in school. It could
also have far reaching implications in homes and the workplace. In the
startling statistics, on average, only one of every three children who
started Standard One in 2003 made it to Form Four.
The
2003 Standard One class was the first beneficiary of free primary
education. The class had 1,311,700 children. However, by the time they
made it to Form Four last year, 431,463 boys and 418,640 girls had
dropped out.
President Kibaki’s flagship project
introduced in 2003, was praised across the world as the Marshall Plan
which would usher in thousands of children who had been hitherto denied
an education, often the single most important opening to a better future
for the poor in the developing world.
Kibaki’s free
learning was later to include free tuition in secondary school, but the
shocking statistics will now send educationists back to the drawing
board.
The investigation was conducted by the Nation’s
Newsplex project together with the Institute of Economic Affairs, a
public policy think tank. After crunching data collected, verified and
published by government agencies, such as those carried in the economic
surveys, we found that despite more boys being born and even surviving
to school-going age, more girls are being enrolled in school.
The
population ratios show that there are more boys than girls until the
late teenage years, when the number of girls surpasses that of boys.
The Economic Survey 2015 shows there are indeed more girls enrolled for pre-primary education.
SET TO OVERTAKE
In
primary school, the number of boys in Standard One to Seven is higher
than that of girls but the gap between boys and girls is closing up
because boys are dropping out of school faster than girls.
“Our
calculation shows that an average of 4,000 more boys drop out per year
than girls. The data shows a sharper reduction in the number of boys
than girls, thereby leading to a sharp pinch in the gender gap,”
Institute of Economic Affairs chief executive Kwame Owino told the Nation.
The
survey shows that 29,300 boys dropped out in the transition from
Standard Six to Seven compared with girls, among whom only 17,000
dropped out for the same class.
Given current trends,
female student numbers are set to overtake those of boys in secondary
school by the end of this year and at university in the next few years.
And on Friday, policymakers were grappling with this alarming phenomenon.
Confronted
with these statistics on Friday, Education Principal Secretary Kipsang
Belio blamed the dire state of boys on “over-promotion of girls” and
child labour.
“The society is paying the price for the
over-protection of girls. Boys are also more prone to child labour. They
drop out of schools early to support their families,” Dr Kipsang said.
Last
week, while presenting his Budget estimates in Parliament, National
Treasury Cabinet Secretary Henry Rotich expressed concern over the high
number of pupils dropping out of school. Mr Rotich said the government
had allocated Sh32.7 billion for free day secondary education and Sh14.1
billion for free primary education to reduce the burden of parents.
While
the enrolment at the university is still skewed in favour of men at 59
per cent against 41 per cent for women, the study found that in some
courses like the popular medical courses — nursing, dental surgery,
environmental health, biochemistry and pharmacy — women were the
majority at 57 per cent.
It shows that in five years to
2014, the population of females has grown by 74 per cent and that of
men by a paltry 27 per cent, representing a growth rate of 14.5 for
women and 5.5 for men. This indicates that the number of women in these
courses will double every five years and 12 years for men.
At
the graduate level, female students comprise 51 per cent of the
classes, consistent with the share of the female population in Kenya for
the comparable age group.
“If these growth rates are
maintained, the absolute number of students in these courses for women
will be 68 per cent which is twice that of men at 32 per cent in another
five years. The societal impact is medical care will have a more
feminine face,” Mr Owino said.
The first free primary
class completed their secondary education last year, and are set to join
the university in the 2016/2017 academic year.
Thirty
one per cent of those that sat the Form Four exam qualified for
university admission having attained a grade of C+ and above. Of these,
34 per cent of boys attained C+ and above compared to 28 per cent for
girls, which shows the gap is getting narrower.
POSITIVE TREND
Is
Kenya prepared for this tectonic shift in the gender balance of power?
What would happen in the workplace when this lot graduates and enters
the job market and what might be the social impact of these trends?
Prof
George Gongera, a human resource expert at the Kenya College of
Accountancy University, said women are soon going to overtake men in top
positions. And he saw this as a positive trend as there will be more
saving in the country and Kenya can develop faster.
“Generally,
women save more than men, accounting for 78 per cent of the country’s
savings. Slowly, men are becoming a liability especially in the rural
areas, where women are the main workers, breadwinners and investors.”
He
said he teaches working people in evening classes and 95 per cent of
his students are women “as their husbands drink with no plan for
education and career progress.”
The Federation of Kenya
Employers warned that if the transition was not managed well, “there
would be tension, resistance and sometimes outright rejection” (of women
leaders).
“The organisations that will succeed are the
ones that embrace this reality this early, and actually prepare for it
to help optimise the output of this soon-to-be majority. Looking at the
statistical trend, my advice to men is to deeply entrench the two thirds
rule because soon and very soon, it will come in handy for us,” said
employers federation chairman Linus Gitahi.
Additional reports by Ouma Wanzala and Rachel Kibui
*****
Nation
Newsplex sought to fact-check whether indeed the boy-child was
increasingly losing out especially in education as has been suggested
publicly recently.
Nation Newsplex — a new
media newsroom project — partnered with the Institute for Economic
Affairs (IEA) to help crunch publicly available data in search of the
truth.
IEA, using data collected, verified
and published by government agencies, helped us track the pioneer class
of free primary education as they journeyed through school over 12 years
until they sat the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education national
examinations last year.
The findings show a
sweet story for the girls. They are rising strongly in nearly all
spheres and will soon change the dynamics at home and at work.
But
it’s a bitter story of boys increasingly becoming Kenya’s lost
generation. Out of every three children who started Standard One in
2003, only one made it to Form Four. A majority of those who dropped out
were boys. The implications are mixed, as the stories show.
Churchill Otieno, @OtienoC
Managing Editor (Digital)
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