By John Cheruiyot
Sub-Saharan Africa seems to be ticking all the right boxes in
the adoption of mobile technology. This is at least according to the
GSMA conference held in Kigali, Rwanda, which heard that the region
will continue to record the fastest growth in subscription rates, with Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Ethiopia in the driving seat behind these trends.
will continue to record the fastest growth in subscription rates, with Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania and Ethiopia in the driving seat behind these trends.
The conference, held on July 16-19 painted a
rosy future for sub-Saharan Africa’s “vibrant” digital use, projecting
that mobile technologies will by 2023 contribute $185 billion to the
region’s economy, representing 9.1 percent of GDP. This is an increase
from $144 billion — 8.6 percent of GDP — in 2018.
The
tech forum coincided with the release of a GSMA report which also
outlines the digital progress Africa has already made, while charting
the way forward for the mobile economy that last year contributed 3.5
million direct and indirect jobs to the region, and generated $15.6
billion revenue to state coffers in form of taxes.
The
report, The Mobile Economy: Sub-Saharan Africa 2019, underscores the
importance to the Continent of the informal economy that accounts for
the biggest proportion of the mobile ecosystem. About 1.2 million of the
1.7 million directly employed by the mobile ecosystem are working
informal jobs in the distribution and retail mobile services. GSMA’s
sanguine prospects for Africa’s mobile economy outlook is based on a set
of factors not least of which are rising penetration of mobile use,
rapidly increasing number of active internet users and expansion of
broadband coverage.
With an additional 167 million
users by 2025, the total subscriber base will hit more than 600 million,
representing nearly half the region’s population. Nigeria and Ethiopia
will record the fastest growths at 19 and 11 percent respectively. This
translates to 31 million new subscribers for Nigeria and 18 million for
Ethiopia. DRC will come in third with 15 million new mobile users, while
in East Africa, Tanzania is tops at 10 million followed by Kenya at
nine million.
The period between 2018 and 2025 is also projected to witness a
significant transition by those connected to basic phone services into
smart platforms.
What do all these figures mean? To the
GSMA’s Kigali summit, they represent a compelling opportunity for
Africa to leapfrog hurdles to development as an increasing number of
people plug into ecommerce and tap into a variety of transformative
services available on the digital ecosystem.
Akinwale
Goodluck, Head of Sub-Saharan Africa, GSMA, told the conference that all
these trends promise to expand ecommerce, drive disruptions in various
sectors of the economy, and help in propelling forward inclusive
development agenda that the region is banking on to lift millions out of
poverty and set them on the path of prosperity.
Mobile money
Armed
with solid statistics, the GSMA conference rightly noted that the
mobile money ecosystem remains the “pride of Africa”. By the end of last
year, there were 395.7 million registered mobile money accounts in the
region, representing nearly half of total mobile accounts globally. The
continent is home to more than 130 live mobile money services, a good
number of them led by mobile operators, and a network of more than 1.4
million active agents. Today more than 60 percent of the adult
population in a number of countries, including Ghana, Kenya and Zimbabwe
have a mobile money account.
For a continent that is known better for a disproportionate share of depressing economic indicators, this is no mean feat.
“In
mobile solutions Africa is setting the pace and this should be
sustained through laying of broadband services in underserved areas,”
Telkom Chief Executive Mugo Kibati told the Mobile360 conference which
brought together mobile firms, innovators, State actors, investors,
among a diverse group of digital players.
The robust
mobile money sector is expected to continue being a key cog in efforts
to accelerateg financial inclusion and growth of e-commerce whose sales
reached $16.5 million in 2017 and are expected to hit $29 billion by
2022, driven primarily by lifestyle changes among the expanding middle
class, increasing internet smartphone adoption, and the growth of
digital payment solutions.
Mr Kibati’s sentiments were
echoed by Nancy Matimu, MasterCard head of market development for
Sub-Sahara Africa, who said the region is “on the cusp of unparalleled
opportunities”. She, however noted that for the region to take complete
advantage of these massive opportunities, telcos need to make financial
sacrifices for the common good and expand digital infrastructure to
far-flung areas that may not have the capacity to contribute to their
profit margins.
“Firms need to look beyond profits,” she asserted.
A
recent study by global consulting firm, Deloitte projects that
expanding internet access in Africa to match levels in developed
countries could ramp up productivity by as much as 25 percent,
generating $2.2 trillion in GDP and more than 140 million jobs.
Digital
experts are betting on African startups to not only reap big as the
shift to digital economy gathers momentum, but also to be the spearhead
of e-commerce and efforts to improve livelihoods and seal inequalities.
It
emerged at the GSMA conference that most partnerships driven by mobile
operators are focused on helping startups, especially those with the
potential to make a broad and deep positive impact among the population
at the base of the pyramid. These partnerships are tailor-made to
address the perennial challenges at the root of SMEs’ woes, the
principal of which are funding constraints as well as lack of management
skills and mentorship programmes.
“These
partnerships help the startups to attain efficiencies, build capacity
and reach as many consumers as possible,” says Max Cuvellier, GSMA’s
head of mobile for development utilities and ecosystem accelerator
programmes. “
“Startups have a great opportunity to benefit because they are flexible and are agile enough to adapt to new technologies.”
The
UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) senior innovation
advisor Magdalena Banasiak said the UK is keen on partnerships that
focus on Sub-Saharan startups with a transformative agenda.
“These
startups need help to scale and build sustainable operations as well as
resilience to cope with climate change,” she said in Kigali.
Ms
Banasiak announced £38 million at the event to finance partnerships
that support initiatives working on digital solutions for economic
challenges facing the contient.
The bright mobile
economy outlook presented by the GSMA report and Kigali meeting,
however, obscures the stark realities of the challenges that the
continent faces, especially when compared with advances in the developed
world.
An outstanding obstacle is the lack of
infrastructure, especially broadband coverage. At the end of last year,
499 million people across the region were covered by mobile broadband
(MBB) but do not subscribe to the mobile internet. About 304 million are
entirely not within the MBB reach, meaning the region has to earnestly
grapple with digital exclusion.
Anna Ekeledo, Executive
Director of Afrilabs, a pan-African network of technology and
innovation hubs, decried low level of local content in solutions being
designed for the region.
“We need local perspectives and approaches as we search for solutions for the challenges we face,” she said.
ITU
Africa Director Andrew Rugege echoed Ms Ekeledo’s sentiments, lamenting
that most innovations about Africa are crafted by outsiders.
African
youth, Mr Rugege said, are innovative and have groundbreaking ideas but
are held back by unavailability of the right tools to actualise their
dreams.
Aside from broadband, lack of reliable
electricity, which is a key part of connectivity infrastructure, is a
major barrier to internet inclusion. Phones and computers need power to
run, yet large swathes of Africa are still unconected. Then there are
unfavourable regulatory environment and expensive handsets, especially
smartphones.
To bridge the infrastructure deficit, the conference heard, needs vast sums of money from the private and public sector.
Bharat
Vagadia, senior director regulatory affairs OOREDOO Group, a global
telecommunication firm, said regulations that stifle growth should be
weeded out.
“The cost of compliant to some regulations
are too high,” Mr Vagadia said and call for flexibility to allow
innovations to thrive.
Ngozi Megwa, MasterCard Senior
Vice President, Digital Partnerships for Middle East and Africa,
admitted that there exist challenges regarding the regulatory
environment, but was quick to strike an optimistic note, saying the
situation will progressively change for the better because political
leaders are increasingly becoming receptive to, and appreciative of,
technological changes.
“There is a desire and will among leaders to design regulatory framework favourable for innovations,” she said.
Digital divide
Another
challenge pointed out repeatedly at the Kigali conference is the
digital divide along gender lines and between rural and urban areas.
Some of the factors attributed to this phenomenon are widespread
illiteracy, lack of broadband coverage and costly handsets.
Studies
show that in Sub-Sahara Africa, women are 13 percent less likely to own
a mobile phone and 41 percent less likely to use mobile internet than
men.
“There are valid concerns that the technology push
will increase digital divide,” said MTN Rwanda chief executive Bart
Hofker while addressing the Mobile360 conference, adding that the number
of active data users as a percentage of total mobile subscribers is
still too low.
In 2015, a GSMA survey found that 28 per
cent of women and 22 percent of men in Kenya perceived lack of
technical literacy and confidence to use new technology as a barrier to
owning and using mobile phone.
Harriet Lwakatare,
Director Customer Service Operations, Vodacom Tanzania said advances in
mobile technology may result in wider gender inequalities.
“The more technological systems get complicated, the more women shy away,” she said.
Director
General of Rwanda Utilities Regulatory Authority (RURA) said ignorance
will be Africa’s undoing in efforts to tap the vast opportunities of the
digital economy. This, he warned is likely to exacerbate the digital
divide and attendant inequalities.
Ms Megwa said
provision of infrastructure, digital awareness and provision of
real-time information is critical in fostering digital inclusion. She
called for programmes that will enable women to embrace change while
still sparing sufficient time for their family responsibilities.
“We need to a push for flexible hours where women can put in fewer hours or work from home,” she said.
The
recent G7 leaders forum also acknowledge the threat of rising digital
divide in Africa, especially along gender lines, and promised to finds
ways to help about 400 million women, most of who are found in rural,
from being left behind by digital economy.
A programme
launched by the leaders and which will require $255 million for a start,
is aimed at empowering millions of women by enabling them to tap
technology and mobile banking to transform their lives.
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